The R. F. Outcault Reader - vol. 9 no. 1

 The Use of Comic Humor in St. Nicholas Magazine 

Richard D. Olson

St. Nicholas Magazine was arguably the finest children's magazine ever published. Volume I, Number 1, of the magazine was published in November, 1873, with the title, St. Nicholas: Scribner's Illustrated Magazine for Girls & Boys. In 1880 the title changed to St. Nicholas: An Illustrated Magazine for Young Folks, and in 1900 it was shorted to St. Nicholas. Throughout this period, it was an outstanding children's magazine edited by Mary Mapes Dodge until her death in 1905. It contained original poems by James Whitcomb Riley, Alfred Lord Tennyson, and John Greenleaf Whittier, as well as stories by Louisa May Alcott, L. Frank Baum, Runyard Kipling, Jack London, Howard Pyle, and Mark Twain. For a study of the general historical significance of the magazine, please see Mary Jane Roggenbuck's dissertation written at the University of Michigan.

The magazine also served as an early outlet for comic art prior to its use in newspapers in the 1890's, initially featuring the work of Palmer Cox, E. W. Kemble, Fred Opper, I. W. Taber, and other turn-of-the-century artists. This magazine was clearly one of the precursors to the use of comic art in the newspapers and helped establish the medium for the Yellow Kid to flourish. In fact, Palmer Cox's ability to merchandise the Brownies was unprecedented, and clearly set the stage for R. F. Outcault to follow in his footsteps with the Yellow Kid. R. F. Outcault's first Yellow Kid cartoon in the New York World actually referred to Palmer Cox's merchandising skills.

Easily the most erudite children's magazine I have ever reviewed, I must begin by admitting that it was not always easy to distinguish comic art from closely related art in the magazine. For example, one drawing depicted a cat knocking over a jar, but the style and presentation suggested it represented a slice of life rather than a cartoon. Another example would include all of the fantasy art by Palmer Cox and many others that illustrated fairies and elves, but which clearly were not meant to be cartoons. Perhaps the most closely related art was that drawn for limericks, verses, or narratives; these pictures were often humorous but they were accompaniments to the primary piece rather than cartoons. Thus, while Palmer Cox's drawing of the Brownies were often humorous, they were ultimately classified as fantasy art accompanying his verse rather than comic art. Similar reasoning eliminated most of the work of W. Harrison Cady, W. W. Denslow, and Grace G. Drayton. Accordingly, by excluding all art in these related categories and focusing only on self-contained examples of comic humor, I identified 478 comic cartoons published throughout the first 42 volumes of the periodical.

The number of these 478 cartoons appearing in each of the 42 years varied from year to year. An analysis clearly indicates three cycles of cartoon publication. Cycle One ran from 1873 through 1888, and chronologically featured the work of Frank Beard, Fred Opper, Palmer Cox (pre-Brownies cartoons), J. G. Francis, E. W. Kemble, and Culmer Barnes. During this period, the use of cartoons was minimal during the first four years, and still averaged no more than one cartoon per issue until the start of Volume 12 in 1884, when the last page of each issue featured one or more cartoons. However, this experiment only lasted two years before being canceled, and the use of cartoons became almost nonexistent. It must be noted that this period also saw the beginning of Palmer Cox's Brownies, which were published on a fairly regular basis, so the editor was providing enjoyable art for the magazine's readers, just not comic art. It is my guess that the editor, Mary Mapes Dodge, had simply decided that she did not want to publish so much comic art in her magazine.

Cycle Two ran from 1888 through 1901 and chronologically featured the work of E. W. Kemble, Peter Newell, Fred Opper, I. W. Taber, and Hy Mayer. Harrison Cady's art also began during this period, but it rarely took the form of comic art but rather dealt with fantasy settings or narrative illustrations. Once again the cycle started slowly with little use of comic art, peaked from 1892 through 1895, and then decreased to only three cartoons per volume at the end of the cycle. The peak use of cartoons paralleled the beginning of comic art in the newspapers, and it is likely that the magazine was competing with the newspapers for the same readers and their spending money. Once comics were clearly established in the newspapers, it appears that the editor reduced the magazine's use of comic art, perhaps to distinguish it from the very papers it had been competing against.

Cycle Three began in 1901 and continued to the end of this analysis in 1912, chronologically featuring the work of Culmer Barnes, E. W. Kemble, I. W. Taber, and BOZ. This cycle started with a significant increase in the use of comic art just before Ms. Dodge's death in 1905, and then another sustained increase in comic art after her death. Perhaps she did not exercise quite as much editorial control just prior to her death and her staff felt that more comic art was needed to compete for the buyer's dollar. It certainly appears that that conclusion was reached after her death.

The three cycles clearly indicate the importance of comic art, even in the most erudite children's magazine ever published. Each cycle increased the use of cartoons, and the last cycle doubled it. Apparently, even St. Nicholas magazine needed to publish comic art in increasing volume to maintain its viability in the marketplace. It should also be noted that the magazine used the top comic artists of the period, just as it used the top writers and poets. Ms. Dodge worked hard to maintain the quality of her magazine.

I would now like to feature some of the comic art highlights from the first 40 years of publication. The first cartoon to appear in St. Nicholas was created by Frank Beard and appeared on p. 205 of the February, 1874, issue; it was titled, "What May Happen When Little Boys Play Leap-Frog Too Much," and is reproduced as Figure 1. Even it fit the intellectual aspirations of the magazine, and focused on the evolutionary impact of too much play, and definitely suggested that the consequences were grim.

Fred Opper, often called the Dean of American Cartoonists, began publishing his work in St. Nicholas on p. 576 in the July, 1876, issue, with a cartoon titled, "The Mouse's Mistake," which was a two-panel cartoon, and is reproduced as Figure 2. Opper published another 20 cartoons in St. Nicholas through 1896, but switched to newspapers after that time and developed several classics for the new medium, including "And Her Name was Maude," "Happy Hooligan," and "Alphonse and Gaston."

"The Wasp and the Bee," published on p. 316 of the March, 1879, issue by Palmer Cox, began his long and distinguished relationship with the magazine. It is reproduced here as Figure 3. Cox's early work consisted of both art for verse and comic panels, but after his introduction of "The Brownies" in the February, 1883, issue of the magazine, he continued illustrating his fantasy verses and never returned to cartoons. The first panel of the first Brownies' installment is reproduced here as Figure 4.

January, 1885, saw the introduction of another new artist, E. W. Kemble. According to Samuel Clemmens, Kemble was the premier illustrator of Blacks in America, and his work in both articles and cartoons in St. Nicholas magazine served to reinforce his reputation. A representative sample of his work during nearly 30 years with the magazine was published on p. 67 in the November, 1892, issue and was titled, "We All's Gwine Swimmin'." It is reproduced here as Figure 5.

Ten years later in 1905, I. W. Taber began drawing comic art as well as illustrating articles in St. Nicholas, with a full-page drawing of "The Grasshoppers' Ball." However, his series in Jungle Land is the most memorable for me, and the first in the 16-title series is reproduced here as Figure 6. It was published on p. 1116 of the October, 1906, issue. Most installments contained four large panels printed on two pages and I think they are great.

Although most of his work could not be classified as comic art, W. Harrison Cady had 68 references containing hundreds of drawings in St. Nicholas between August, 1898, and May, 1918. One of the most loved children's artists of all time, Figure 7 reproduces his first work in St. Nicholas, titled "A Rowing Race in Fairyland," which was published on p. 803 in the August, 1898, issue. It clearly shows Cady's skill for detail, layout, and humor.

In summary, St. Nicholas magazine was the finest children's magazine ever published. It not only contained poems and stories by the greatest writers of the period, but also served as an outlet for some of the finest comic artists to ever work in the genre.

REFERENCES FOR POPULAR ARTISTS IN ST. NICHOLAS MAGAZINE

Much of the early art in St. Nicholas magazine was drawn to accompany the narrative or, more likely, the verse of an independent author. Accordingly, the following references contain art by the individual of interest, but it may be adjacent to the narrative or verse of another writer as well as in a cartoon panel with a caption by the artist. Advertising art was not included in the references.

W. Harrison Cady
"A Rowing Race in Fairyland," August 1898, 803.
"The Piping Cricket," September 1898, 949.
"A Four-In-Hand in Fairy-Land," October 1898, 986.
"There Was a Mighty Warrior," November 1898, 72.
"Miss Ethel Rose," December 1898, 112.
"Valentine Verse," February 1899, 329.
"The Wumpity-Bum Boys take their Annual Donkey-Cart Ride," April 1899, 493.
"My Little Dog," August 1899, 807.
"A School in Fairyland," November 1899, 69.
"The Gorgeous Giraffe," June 1901, 728-730.
"The Indulgent Farmer," August 1901, 926-927.
"Angelina Titherington," May 1902, 621.
"Toast Wanted," January 1903, 238.
"Miss Peggy's Kittens," February 1903, 322.
"A Little Gnome," March 1904, 424.
"The Meadow-Grass Singing Society Gives a Concert," July 1906, 838.
"Who's Who in the Zoo?," August 1906, 881-885.
"The Troubles of Queen Silver-Bell," October 1906, 1059-1067.
"How Winnie Hatched the Little Rooks," November 1906, 3-12.
"Racketty-Packetty House, Part 1," December 1906, 97-106.
"The Red Ball is up! Good Skating on the Pond!," December 1906, 132.
"Racketty-Packetty House, Part 2," January 1907, 195-203.
"The Cozy Lion, Part 1," February 1907, 291-298.
"The Coasting Season Opens in Rabbitboro'," February 1907, 312.
"The Cozy Lion, Part 2," March 1907, 387-394.
"The Porcupine and the Automobile," May 1907, 623.
"A Woodland Serenade," June 1907, 691.
"The Meadow-Grass Aero Club's First Outing," July 1907, 777.
"Leap-Frog by Moonlight," September 1907, 989.
"The Happychaps, Chapter 1," January 1908, 252-255.
"The Happychaps, Chapter 2," February 1908, 340-345.
"The Happychaps, Chapter 3," March 1908, 440-445.
"The Happychaps, Chapter 4," April 1908, 540-545.
"The Happychaps, Chapter 5," May 1908, 633-638.
"The Happychaps, Chapter 6," June 1908, 728-733.
"The Happychaps, Chapter 7," July 1908, 827-832.
"The Happychaps, Chapter 8," August 1908, 928-932.
"The Happychaps, Chapter 9," September 1908, 1017-1022.
"The Happychaps, Chapter 10," October 1908, 1113-1117.
"The Happychaps, Chapter 11," November 1908, 57-61.
"The Spring Cleaning, Part 1," December 1908, 99-104.
"The Spring Cleaning, Part 2," January 1909, 242-248.
"The Happychaps, Chapter 12," January 1909, 252-256.
"A Race in Fairy-Land," February 1909, 340.
"Old Uncle Jerry Centipede," August 1911, 875.
"A Spring Evening at the Beetleburg Amusement Park," May 1912, 639.
"The Great June Parade in Beetleburg," June 1912, 711.
"The Annual Moonlight Hop n Beetleburg," October 1912, 1096.
"Proud Daddy-Long-Legs," June 1914, 744-746.
"A Go-As-You-Please Race on the Old Mill-Pond," August 1914, 915.
"A Big Contract," October 1914, 1100.
"Tommy and the Wishing Stone, Chapter 1," November 1914, 59-63.
"Tommy and the Wishing Stone, Chapter 2," December 1914, 152-156.
"Tommy and the Wishing Stone, Chapter 3," January 1915, 256-260.
"Tommy and the Wishing Stone, Chapter 4," February 1915, 351-356.
"Tommy and the Wishing Stone, Chapter 5," March 1915, 425-429.
"Tommy and the Wishing Stone, Chapter 6," April 1915, 542-546.
"Tommy and the Wishing Stone, Chapter 7," May 1915, 638-643.
"Tommy and the Wishing Stone, Chapter 8," June 1915, 718-723.
"Tommy and the Wishing Stone, Chapter 9," July 1915, 815-819.
"Tommy and the Wishing Stone, Chapter 10," August 1915, 934-938.
"Tommy and the Wishing Stone, Chapter 11," September 1915, 1029-1033.
"Tommy and the Wishing Stone, Chapter 12," October 1915, 1116-1120.
"The Woodland Repair-Shop," May 1916, 632.
"Peter Rabbit's May-Party," May 1918, 658-661.

Palmer Cox
"The Wasp and the Bee," March 1879, 316.
"The Faeries' Gift," June 1879, 524.
"The Arrival of the Frolicsome Fly," September 1879, 764.
"The Funny Mandarin," December 1879, 172.
"The Lazy Pussy," March 1880, 369.
"Superfine Article. Terms: Cash, On Delivery," August 1880, 789.
"The Alphabet in Council," October 1880, 976.
"Discussing the Crops," October 1880, 980.
"Bugaboo Bill, the Giant," November 1880, 38-41.
"The First Tooth," January 1881, 202.
"The Rat's Happy Dream," May 1881, 534.
"The King and the Clown," May 1881, 552-553.
"The Sultan of the East," July 1882, 688-689.
"Leap-Frog in the Woods," August 1882, 793.
"The Cat and the Mouse," November 1882, 56.
"The Brownies' Ride," February 1883, 263-266.
"The Brownies' Feast," March 1883, 368-371.
"A Back-Yard Party," July 1883, 659-661.
"The Brownies' Good Work," October 1883, 920-923.
"The Brownies on Skates," February 1884, 306-308.
"The Brownies' Balloon," March 1884, 396-398.
"The Brownies' Voyage," June 1884, 604-607.
"The Brownies Helping Jack Frost," January 1885, 232.
"The Brownies' Return," February 1885, 298-301.
"The Brownies and the Spinning Wheel," May 1885, 521-524.
"The Brownies at the Sea-Side," August 1885, 763-766.
"The Brownies at School," October 1885, 920-923.
"The Brownies and the Bicycles," November 1885, 69-71.
"The Brownies Tobogganing," January 1886, 227-229.
"The Brownies' Circus," March 1886, 389-391.
"The Brownies on Roller Skates," May 1886, 543-545.
"The Brownies in the Menagerie," July 1886, 707-709.
"The Brownies at Lawn Tennis," September 1886, 857-859.
"The Brownies at Base-Ball," October 1886, 943-945.
"The Brownies in the Gymnasium," November 1886, 67-69.
"The Brownies in the Toy-Shop," January 1887, 229-231.
"The Brownies' Singing-School," February 1887, 303-305.
"The Brownies' Friendly Turn," March 1887, 387-389.
"The Brownies Canoeing," May 1887, 549-551.
"The Brownies and the Bees," June 1887, 624-626.
"The Brownies' Fourth of July," July 1887, 700-702.
"The Brownies Fishing," August 1887, 789-791.
"The Brownies at Archery," September 1887, 865-867.
"The Brownies and the Whale," February 1888, 304-307.
"The Brownies in the Academy," April 1888, 465-467.
"The Brownies' Kites," July 1888, 704-706.
"The Brownies in the Orchard," October 1888, 954-955.
"The Brownies' Snow Man," March 1889, 392-394.
"The Brownies' Garden," May 1889, 546-548.
"The Brownies in the Studio," January 1890, 271-273.
"Untitled," January 1890, 275.
"The Brownies' Yacht Race," August 1890, 888-891.
"The Brownies' Birthday Dinner," September 1890, 976-978.
"The Brownies on the Canal," October 1890, 1034-1037.
"Palmer Cox and the Brownies," January 1894, 238-241.
"The Brownies Through the Union: Massachusetts," January 1894, 242-246.
"The Brownies in Fairyland--I," March 1894, 462-465.
"The Brownies in Fairyland--II," April 1894, 535-538.
"The Brownies Through the Union: New York," May 1894, 612-616.
"The Brownies Through the Union: Florida," July 1894, 785-789.
"The Brownies Through the Union: Kentucky," September 1894, 996-999.
"The Brownies Through the Union: Pennsylvania," November 1894, 52-54.
"The Brownies Through the Union: Texas," March 1895, 410-413.
"Abd-el-Ghoo the Tyrant," April 1903, 489-493.
"The King in Disguise," March 1904, 453-455.
"The Laughing Philosopher," April 1904, 543-545.
"The Baron and the Elves," August 1904, 924-928.
"The Two Travelers," April 1906, 548.
"The Brownies' Quilting Bee," January 1910, 250-254.
"The Brownies and the Hospital," February 1910, 348-351.
"The Brownies' Ice Harvest," March 1910, 444-447.
"The Brownies and the Water Famine," April 1910, 540-542.
"The Brownies and the Baby Carriages," June 1910, 729-732.
"The Brownies and the Pure Milk Supply," July 1910, 828-831.
"The Brownies Aid the Nursery," November 1910, 60-63.
"The Brownies Repair the Streets," December 1910, 163-166.
"The Brownies and the Library," February 1911, 346-349.
"A Topsyturvy Christmas," January 1912, 251.
"The Brownies and the Grist Mill," November 1912, 56-60.
"The Brownies and the Stalled Train," January 1913, 252-256.
"The Brownies Mend the Dam," March 1913, 443-446.
"The Brownies at Haymaking," August 1913, 922-926.
"The Brownies Build a Bridge," November 1913, 60-63.
"The Brownies and the Railroad," January 1914, 252-255.
"Palmer Cox, The Brownie Man," October 1924, 1288-1290.
"The Wasp--A Rhyme," October 1924, 1290.

Note: The other magazines in which Cox drew original Brownies fantasy features during this period were The Youth's Companion and The Ladies Home Journal. Because of the great interest in the Brownies, those references are also provided. Even many advanced collectors of the Brownies are not aware of the appearance of them in The Youth's Companion; this page is quite rare.

The Youth's Companion
"A Friendly Turn," 3 January 1889, 13.

The Ladies Home Journal
"The Brownies Through the Year" Series
"Number One: The Brownies in October," October 1891, 11.
"Number Two: The Brownies in November," November 1891, 13.
"Number Three: The Brownies in December," December 1891, 13.
"Number Four: The Brownies in January," January 1892, 9.
"Number Five: The Brownies in February," February 1892, 11.
"Number Six: The Brownies in March," March 1892, 9.
"Number Seven: The Brownies in April," April 1892, 11.
"Number Eight: The Brownies in May," May 1892, 11.
"Number Nine: The Brownies in June," June 1892, 11.
"Number Ten: The Brownies in July," July 1892, 11.
"Number Eleven: The Brownies in August," August 1892, 11.
"Number Twelve: The Brownies in September," September 1892, 11.
"The Origin of the Brownies," November 1892, 8.
"The Brownies 'Round the World in Twelve Stages" Series
"First Stage: The Brownies in Canada," December 1892, 15.
"Second Stage: The Brownies Across the Atlantic," January 1893, 11.
"Third Stage: The Brownies in Ireland," February 1893, 11.
"Fourth Stage: The Brownies in Scotland," March 1893, 11.
"Fifth Stage: The Brownies in England," April 1893, 17.
"Sixth Stage: The Brownies in France," May 1893, 11.
"Seventh Stage: The Brownies in Italy," June 1893, 15.
"Eighth Stage: The Brownies in Turkey and Egypt," July 1893, 11.
"Ninth Stage: The Brownies in Germany and Switzerland," August 1893, 13.
"Tenth Stage: The Brownies in Holland and Russia," September 1893, 11.
"Eleventh Stage: The Brownies in China and Japan," October 1893, 15.
"Concluding Stage: The Brownies in the Polar Regions," November 1893, 11
"The Brownies Visit Canada," February 1894, 15.
"The Brownies in the Land of Flowers," April 1894, 13.
"The Brownies Visit the Goddess of Liberty," June 1894, 13.
"The Brownies at Newport," August 1894, 13.
"The Brownies Play Football," November 1894, 13.
"The Brownies Sail on a Lake," February 1895, 11.
"The Brownies' Christmas Bells," December 1910, 13.

W. W. Denslow
"When I Grow Up: The Autoist," November 1908, 17-20.
"When I Grow Up: The Pirate," December 1908, 117-120.
"When I Grow Up: The Clown," January 1909, 221-224.
"When I Grow Up: The Knight," January 1909, 225-228.
"When I Grow Up: The Cowboy," February 1909, 333-336.
"When I Grow Up: The Actor," March 1909, 441-444.
"When I Grow Up: The Fireman," April 1909, 509-512.
"When I Grow Up: The Hunter," May 1909, 597-600.
"When I Grow Up: The Orator," June 1909, 701-704.
"When I Grow Up: The Drum Major," July 1909, 805-808.
"When I Grow Up: The Soldier," July 1909, 809-812.
"When I Grow Up: The Policeman," August 1909, 925-928.
"When I Grow Up: The Baseball Player," September 1909, 989-992.
"When I Grow Up: The Sailor," October 1909, 1081-1084.

Grace G. Drayton
"The Baby Bears' First Adventure," November 1913, 73-75.
"The Baby Bears' Second Adventure," December 1913, 173-175.
"The Baby Bears' Third Adventure," January 1914, 265-267.
"The Baby Bears' Fourth Adventure," February 1914, 361-363.
"The Baby Bears' Fifth Adventure," March 1914, 457-459.
"The Baby Bears' Sixth Adventure," April 1914, 553-555.
"In Days of Old, When Knights Were Bold," May 1914, 613.
"The Eternal Feminine," May 1914, 683. (as G. G. Wiederseim)

E. W. Kemble
"The Flight of Time," January 1885, 240.
"The Fate of a Roller Skater," March 1887, 398.
"Untitled," September 1889, 875.
"The Soft Step," October 1889, 919.
"Untitled," February 1890, 353.
"We All's Gwine Swimmin'," November 1892, 67.
"Back from the Concert," December 1892, 121.
"The Boastful Pug," December 1892, 121.
"Untitled," January 1893, 222-223.
"Bruin and the Porcupine," March 1893, 382.
"Untitled," May 1893, 491.
"Untitled," October 1893, 946.
"Untitled," November 1894, 86.
"Tommy's Home Run," July 1895, 715.
"Tommy's Invention for Sliding to Bases," August 1895, 843.
"The Old Tar and the Bicycle," August 1895, 845.
"Untitled," September 1895, 859.
"Base-Ball Sketches," October 1895, 1003.
"Stopped!," November 1895, 18.
"It is the Unexpected that Happens," February 1896, 312.
"Tommy's Idea," May 1896, 663.
"Untitled," November 1896, 79.
"The Wizard and the Snake," April 1897, 449.
"Untitled," November 1897, 34.
"Going to School in Kansas," July 1900, 803.
"The Boy and the Monkey," August 1900, 891.
"The Young Rough Rider," March 1901, 441.
"The Sorrows of Three Little Coons," October 1903, 1080.
"Jingle," January 1904, 253.
"Mary and the Lamb," October 1904, 1103.
"A Genuine Virginia Creeper," June 1905, 732.
"Untitled," July 1905, 795.
"Tommy's Invention for Sliding to Bases," October 1911, 1098.
Note: The above was reprinted from August 1895, 843.
"Play Ball!," October 1912, 1097.

Walt Kuhn
"The Good Natured Pelican," May 1911, 635.
"Mr. Woodpecker Foresees Trouble," July 1911, 810.
"Enraptured Audience," August 1912, 897.

Hy Mayer
"The Magnetism of the Fishing Rod," July 1899, 754-756.
"The Magnetism of the Fishing Rod," September 1912, 999-1001.
Note: The above was reprinted from July 1899, 754-756.

Frederick B. Opper
"The Mouse's Mistake," July 1876, 576.
"Untitled," September 1876, 733.
"Carlo and the Milk-Pan," November 1876, 38.
"Untitled," December 1876, 138.
"Another Daylight Burglary," January 1877, 214.
"A Domestic Tragedy in Two Parts," November 1877, 31.
"No School Today," December 1877, 146.
"Queer Taste," September 1894, 994.
"The Way of the World," September 1894, 995.
"Sir Bedivere Bors," October 1894, 1054.
"Little Paul's Picture Book," January 1895, 221.
"Her Soliloquy," March 1895, 391.
"It's An Ill Wind That Blows Nobody Good," April 1895, 515.
"A Tender-Hearted Arab," May 1895, 596.
"Tommy's Confession," July 1895, 776.
"The Little Boy and the Little Watch," August 1895, 807.
"The Boy Who Borrowed Trouble," March 1896, 417.
"Untitled," April 1896, 518.
"Jimmie's Ambition," October 1896, 1043.
"A Rhyme of a Lone Fisherman," October 1896, 1050.
"Ye Minstrel and Ye Mayde," November 1896, 64.

I. W. Taber
"The Grasshoppers' Ball: The Grand March," November 1895, 77.
"A Startling Announcement," December 1895, 162.
"The Great Bicycle Race at Grasshopper Town," May 1896, 602-603.
"Baseball: Grasshoppers versus Cricketsville," June 1896, 693.
"The Grasshoppers' Ball: The Minuet," August 1896, 869.
"A March Fantasy," March 1898, 432.
"The Grasshopper Ball," September 1899, 954.
"The Duel," September 1899, 956.
"The End of the Duel," September 1899, 957.
"Hello!," September 1899, 958.
"Meal-Time in the Bear-Pits at the Zoo," September 1906, 987.
"High Life in Jungleville," October 1906, 1116.
"Where Thanksgiving Holidays are not Popular," November 1906, 60.
"An Affair of Honor in Jungleville," January 1907, 236-237.
"High Life in Jungleville," February 1907, 332-333.
"At the County Fair in the Congo," March 1907, 448.
"Politeness in Jungleville," April 1907, 542-543.
"A Jungleville Tourist," July 1907, 828-829.
"Base-Ball in Jungleville," September 1907, 996-997.
"A Flood in the Congo Valley," September 1907, 1019.
"The Foot-Ball Season in Jungleville," November 1907, 60-61.
"Fishing in Jungleville," January 1908, 236-237.
"The Royal Circus in Jungleville," June 1908, 694-695.
"A Jungleville Ferry," September 1908, 990-991.
"An Air Ship in Jungleville," October 1908, 1100-1101.
"Snow-Tracks in Jungleville," March 1909, 412-413.
"The Great Jungleville Boat Race," July 1909, 828-829.
"A Special Messenger in Jungleville," September 1909, 1020-1021.
"The Python's Overcoat," February 1910, 313.
"A Jungleville Air-Ship," May 1910, 624-625.
"The Cyclone," September 1910, 1052.
"A Barn-Yard Panic," November 1910, 59.
"A Joy Ride in Jungleville," March 1912, 427.
"The Discovery of the Pole," October 1913, 1093.
"Another Mysterious Disappearance," November 1913, 21.
"Brother Rabbit," January 1914, 256.
"A Nasty Trip Through the Subway," June 1915, 781.

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Richard D. Olson, Ph.D., 40 Infinity Drive, Poplarville, MS 39470-9006
(769) 717-4077
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